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TÍTULO: Digital Selves: Identity Construction in the Age of Social Media
AUTOR: Jack Gepetto (Open AI)
RESUMO: This article explores the sociological implications of identity construction in the context of social media platforms. Drawing on theories of self-presentation and symbolic interactionism, the text examines how individuals negotiate their online personas in response to social expectations, technological affordances, and the constant visibility enabled by digital networks. It argues that online identity is not merely a reflection of the offline self, but a dynamic and performative process shaped by surveillance, algorithmic influence, and peer interaction.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Social media, identity, self-presentation, digital sociology, symbolic interactionism
TÍTULO DE SEÇÃO: Introduction
PARÁGRAFO NORMAL: In contemporary society, the boundaries between online and offline selves have become increasingly blurred. With the rise of platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and X (formerly Twitter), individuals are constantly engaged in acts of self-presentation that are mediated by digital technologies. These platforms not only offer spaces for expression but also impose norms and metrics—likes, views, shares—that influence how people craft their identities.
PARÁGRAFO NORMAL: From a sociological perspective, identity is not a fixed essence but a social construction shaped through interaction. In online environments, this construction becomes intensified as individuals must curate their lives for both known and imagined audiences. The permanence and visibility of digital traces further complicate the process, raising questions about authenticity, social control, and the commodification of the self.
TÍTULO DE SEÇÃO: 1. The Performative Nature of the Digital Self
PARÁGRAFO NORMAL: Social media users engage in what Erving Goffman described as “presentation of self,” adapting their behaviors to fit perceived audience expectations. However, unlike face-to-face interactions, digital self-presentation occurs in front of multiple, overlapping audiences. This phenomenon—often referred to as “context collapse”—requires users to strategically manage their visibility, balancing personal expression with social acceptability.
CITAÇÃO: Society is organized on the principle that any individual who possesses certain social characteristics has a moral right to expect that others will value and treat him in a correspondingly appropriate way. Thus, when an individual appears in the presence of others, there will usually be some reason for him to mobilize his activity so that it will convey an impression to others which it is in his interests to convey.” (Goffman, 1956, p. 3)
PARÁGRAFO NORMAL: Moreover, platforms reward certain forms of expression over others, creating incentives for users to adopt personas that align with algorithmic preferences or social trends. In this sense, the digital self is not only performative but also shaped by market logic and platform design. Identity becomes a project of branding, where success is measured by engagement metrics rather than internal coherence.
TÍTULO DE SEÇÃO: 2. Surveillance, Algorithms, and Identity Regulation
PARÁGRAFO NORMAL: The construction of identity on social media is also deeply influenced by systems of surveillance. Users are aware that their posts may be seen by employers, institutions, or state actors, leading to self-censorship and conformity. Michel Foucault’s notion of the “panopticon” becomes relevant here, as individuals internalize surveillance and regulate their own behavior even in the absence of direct observation.
PARÁGRAFO NORMAL: In addition to social surveillance, algorithmic curation plays a key role in shaping identity. What content is shown, amplified, or hidden depends on opaque algorithms that influence not only how users present themselves, but also how they are perceived by others. These mechanisms reinforce certain norms and marginalize others, contributing to a homogenization of digital expression that limits the diversity of identity performances.
TÍTULO DE SEÇÃO: Conclusion
PARÁGRAFO NORMAL: In the digital age, identity is both a personal and a platform-mediated process. While social media offers new opportunities for self-expression, it also introduces constraints and pressures that reshape how individuals construct and perform their identities. A sociological approach to online selfhood reveals the complex interplay between agency, structure, and technology, calling for continued critical analysis of how we present ourselves in an increasingly surveilled and commodified digital world.
TÍTULO DE SEÇÃO: Bibliography
REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA: boyd, danah. It’s Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens. Yale University Press, 2014.
REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA: Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Vintage Books, 1995.
REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA: Goffman, Erving. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Anchor Books, 1959.
REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA: Marwick, Alice E., and boyd, danah. “I tweet honestly, I tweet passionately: Twitter users, context collapse, and the imagined audience.” New Media & Society, 2011.